Plants that produce sexually with flowers can also reproduce asexually. In asexual reproduction there is only one parent plant involved. New plants can grow from the roots, stems and sometimes leaves of the parent plant. The reproduction of new plants from parts of a parent plant (other than the usual reproductive structures like flowers and spores) is called natural vegetative propagation.
New plants from stem. The stem has nodes, where leaves and buds are attached. Stem generally grow above the ground. But some plants have stems that grow underground. At first sight, they do not look like stems. But, on closer look, you will notice that like all other stems, they have nodes. So, they are called modified stems.
Onion is an example of a bulb. A bulb consists of a short stem base with one or more buds enclosed in many fleshy leaves, which store food. The upper part of the fleshy leaves is composed of the regular green and narrow leaves found above the ground. The short stem base can develop roots, and the bulb can grow into new plant. Lily and hyacinth are also bulbs. A corm is a thick stem base with scaly leaves at the nodes and contains stored food. This modified stem can develop buds and roots at the nodes and grow into new plants. Gladiola and begonia are some examples of corms. White potato (also called Irish potato) is an example of a tuber. A tuber is enlarged because of stored food. The “eyes” of potato are its nodes. It a piece of the potato with “eyes” is planted, buds and roots will appear there and grow into new plants.
Ginger is an example of rhizome. Rhizome is an underground stem that grows horizontally near the soil surface. It is fleshy because of stored food. Buds and roots develop at the nodes and grow into new plants. Strawberry and Bermuda grass are examples of runners, also called stolons. These are stems that grow horizontally above the ground, along the surface. When a node touches the ground, roots and leaves develop and a new plant grows. The stored food of a modified stem is used by the new plant in the early part of its life. Remember that leaves do not appear and manufactured food right away.
New plants from roots. Plants like turnip, carrot, radish and sweet potato have storage roots. These storage roots contain food. When planted, storage roots grow into new plants.
New plants from leaves. There are also plants that reproduce by means of their leaves. The new plant separate from the parent plant and continue to grow. Begonia produces new plants from their leaves that touch the soil.
Artificial Vegetative Propagation is a method of propagating plants develops by people who are engaged in the reproduction of plants for food or decoration. Through their method, plants are produced more quickly and varieties are improved.
Stem Cutting. Many ornamental plants such as San Francisco, mayana and rosal can be grown from stem cuttings. The cuttings are placed in water. When roots come out, they are transplanted.
Layering. To produce new plants through layering, a branch that grows near the ground is bent and covered with soil. The parts of the branch covered with soil will grow roots and new shoots. The new plants are then cut away from the parent plant and planted in another place.
Some plants are propagated by a method called air layering. A part of the plant’s bark is removed. Then the exposed area is covered with peat moss. To hold the peat moss in place, a piece of plastic is wrapped around it. Coconut husk may also be used to wrap the area. Roots will form in the covered area. Then the branch is cut off and transplanted.
Grafting and budding. Some plants are propagated by transplanting a branch or a bud of one plant to the trunk of another plant. This is done in order to improve the quality of fruits. Transplanting a branch of one plant to the trunk of another plant is called grafting. This is done by cutting a branch of a plant of good variety and attaching it to a plant rooted in the soil. The rooted plant is the stock while the attached branch is the scion. The stock provides the roots and stem for the scion. Budding is the same as grafting but, instead of a branch; a bud is used as the scion.
Written by JoelEsteban